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9th October 2008
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WHO Launches Public Hearing on Reducing Alcohol Harms
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In May 2008, the World Health Organization was asked by Member States at the World Health Assembly to develop a global strategy to combat the harmful use of alcohol. As a result, all parties with an interest in reducing the harmful use of alcohol are now invited to share their views in an online public hearing that will run until October 31st 2008.
According to Dr. Ala Alwan – Assistant Director-General of WHO's Non-Communicable Diseases and Mental Health Cluster – "The harmful use of alcohol is a leading risk factor for premature death and disability in the world. Every year at least 2.3 million people die from alcohol-related causes. This web-based public hearing is broad and inclusive and will provide an opportunity for everyone, including the public, to present their views on effective strategies to reduce the burden resulting from the harmful use of alcohol".
The process is open to all organisations and individuals – including NGOs and civil society groups, academics, research institutions, private companies and the alcohol industry – and contributions can be submitted in any of the six official UN languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish). Submissions should not exceed five A4 pages or 2000 words, and contributors are asked to pay particular attention to integrated approaches to protecting at-risk populations, young people and those affected by the harmful drinking by others, and there are three guiding questions for submissions:
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- Question 1: What are your views on effective strategies to reduce alcohol-related harm?
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- Question 2: From a global perspective, what are the best ways to reduce problems related to harmful use of alcohol?
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- Question 3: In what ways can you or your organisation contribute to reduce harmful use of alcohol?
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All contributions will be made available on a dedicated section of the WHO website, and a synopsis of the contributions will be prepared as part of the paperwork for consideration at a number of planned round-table meetings in the coming months – including one for the alcohol industry (6th November), one for civil society and health professionals (24th and 25th November), and a number of regional technical consultations with Member States (planned to take place between January and April 2009).
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Alternatively, contributions can also be submitted by fax to (+41) 22 791 48 51. For more information, please contact Iqbal Nandra by email or phone (+41) 22 791 5589.
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16th September 2008
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Call for Abstracts: Alcohol Harm Reduction
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The abstract submission system for Harm Reduction 2009: IHRA’s 20th International Conference has now opened. The conference takes place from the 19th to the 23rd April 2009 in Bangkok, Thailand, and we would like to encourage all GAHR-Net members and those interested in alcohol harm reduction to submit abstracts about their practice, research, experiences or advocacy work. At the last IHRA conference – Harm Reduction 2008 – there was a Major Session, a Living Room Session and a Satellite Event dedicated to this topic, but we are hoping to increase this focus for 2009. In order to do this, we are reliant on the receipt of quality, innovative abstracts from the field.
In particular, the conference organisers are interested in receiving abstracts about ground-breaking research, successful advocacy campaigns, or the delivery of innovative harm reduction services – especially from Thailand and South-East Asia. In order to assist delegates, the conference organisers have created a Guide for Developing and Submitting an Abstract [PDF:102KB] which includes information about the conference, how abstracts are selected, how to develop an idea for presentation, and how to format and write the abstract itself.
In order to submit an abstract, delegates must first register for the conference and create a new user account. Once you have done this, simply click on the “your submissions” link and follow the instructions to submit an abstract. Abstracts must be submitted in English, be no longer than 300 words and be submitted before November 10th 2008.
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16th September 2008
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GAHR-Net Launch New Online Discussion Group
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The Global Alcohol Harm Reduction Network (GAHR-Net) is pleased to announce a new online ‘Google Group’ for our 900 members to communicate and discuss practical alcohol harm reduction interventions and policies. The group, like the Network itself, is aimed at a huge range of audiences – including researchers, harm reduction advocates, practitioners, emergency service staff, policy makers and NGOs – many of whom may not consider themselves as ‘alcohol specialists’.
In order to join this new discussion group, you must first join GAHR-Net – which is free for both individuals and organisations. You will then be automatically added to the discussion group. Existing GAHR-Net members should receive an automated email confirming their subscription to this new discussion group. If you do not receive this notification, please contact Jamie Bridge. Once you are subscribed to the Google Groups service, you will be able to manage your account, change your settings and personal profile, and unsubscribe if required.
The new discussion group will allow people from around the world to share ideas, experiences and opinions in a supportive forum, which we hope will eventually act as a ‘clearing house’ of alcohol harm reduction resources and information. It will also be a useful tool in identifying news items and articles for IHRA‘s alcohol website.
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29th August 2008
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Focus on Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
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A number of members of the Global Alcohol Harm Reduction Network (GAHR-Net) recently noted the absence of any information on Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) – a specific alcohol-related harm to which harm reduction can be readily applied. A number of these members – including Peggy Seo Oba, Madaline Muir and Dr Barry Stanley – were asked to draft an introductory piece about this issue:
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a type of neurological brain disorder that can occur from when a baby is conceived, throughout the pregnancy, and during breast feeding. Depending on when a pregnant women drinks, her physical susceptibility, her nutritional status, and how much she consumes (at least 2 drinks per day, 14 drinks on average per week or 4 or more drinks upon one occasion), her baby can be born with a range of brain disorders that run the gamut from mild to very severe. Full FAS occurs 0.2 to 2 times in every 1,000 births in the USA. Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) – which include full FAS as well as a wide range of behavioural symptoms without physical problems – may occur in as many as one in every 100 live births.
Full FAS may manifest itself in the form of physical abnormalities and severe behavioural problems. Physical symptoms that have occurred are Cerebral Palsy-like ‘hypotonia’ (a condition of abnormally low muscle tone), tremors, poor suction, mispronunciation or misuse of words, lack of early smiling, jerkiness, eye-fluttering, and unilateral weakness. Epilepsy-like symptoms may also occur, such as ‘atonic’ or ‘drop’ seizures and ‘absence’ (or ‘petit mal’) seizures.
Behaviourally, Dr. Ann Streissguth of the University of Washington’s Foetal Alcohol and Drug Unit has stated that the most outstanding characteristics of FAS are "bad judgment and the inability to connect an action with its consequences". Children with FAD often exhibit neuropsychiatric problems that may include hyperactivity, overstimulation, shutdown, a lack of ability to detect social cues, an inability to execute higher level mathematics, temper tantrums, preservation, and mild mental retardation. Other symptoms may include inappropriate sexual touching and some violent types of behaviour. In many cases, 94% of those diagnosed FAS or FASD will also be diagnosed with co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses.
In terms of targeted harm reduction interventions, many countries – including the USA – advise pregnant women (and women who are planning a pregnancy) not to drink alcoholic beverages. FASD experts and researchers recommend that a couple planning on having a baby should not drink alcohol from three months prior to conception, throughout the pregnancy and for as long as the mother is breast-feeding. If a woman cannot stop drinking, then she is urged to cut down as much as possible in order to reduce the potential harms.
For more information about Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), please visit the following links:
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If you have an issue or topic that you would like to write about for the Global Alcohol Harm Reduction Network (GAHR-Net), please contact Jamie Bridge.
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1st August 2008
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New ICAP Book Explores ‘Extreme Drinking’
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The International Center for Alcohol Policies (ICAP) have released a new book – entitled ‘Swimming with Crocodiles: The Culture of Extreme Drinking’ – which offers an interesting insight into the complex global drinking patterns among many young people. These drinking patterns are often shaped by attitudes towards alcohol and broader social norms – including the changing role of young people in society and the changing nature of adolescence.
When exploring intoxication amongst young people, much focus has been traditionally given to ‘binge drinking’ – the definition of which is based solely on the amount of alcohol that is drunk on a single occasion (a ‘binge’). However, such an approach fails to distinguish between, say, ten units of alcohol consumed over time during an evening dinner in a restaurant and ten units of alcohol consumed at high speed in a bar or club on a weekend evening. As such, the use of the ‘binge’ terminology may not be sufficient to fully explore and understand the culture of purposeful intoxication amongst young people around the world.
This book, however, advocates for an alternative term – ‘extreme drinking’ – which better describes heavy, excessive and risky drinking patterns among young people by concentrating on the behaviours, motivations and expected outcomes associated with a drinking event, rather than the amount consumed per se. ‘Swimming with Crocodiles’ examines rapid drinking behaviours through focus groups with young people in seven countries around the world – Brazil, China, Italy, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, and Scotland. From these focus groups, ‘extreme drinking’ is characterised by five criteria – intoxication, motivation, process, outcomes, and alcohol experience. The book then goes on to describe interventions that could be employed to address these high-risk behaviours.
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4th July 2008
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Alcohol Harm Reduction Conference Takes Place in Barcelona
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The ‘4th International Conference on Alcohol and Harm Reduction’ took place in Barcelona, Spain on May 11th 2008 – as a satellite event at Harm Reduction 2008: IHRA’s 19th International Conference. The one-day event – organised by IHRA and Quest 4 Quality – was attended by over 100 people from nearly 40 different countries around the world, and employed an interactive format in order to engage participants and discuss some of the key issues around the conference theme – ‘Alcohol and Youth’.
This was the latest in a series of biennial events dedicated to harm reduction as it is applied to alcohol – the previous conferences taking place in Brazil (2002), Poland (2004) and South Africa (2006). The programme focused on interaction, engagement and innovation, and aimed to be both interesting and entertaining. There were presentations from Australia, Denmark, Scotland, Spain, the USA, and Youth RISE (Resource, Information, Support, Education) – the international peer-led youth network for reducing drug-related harm. The programme also included roundtable discussions for delegates to discuss specific issues in smaller groups, a ‘youth panel’ discussion, and a presentation from Jamie Bridge introducing the Global Alcohol Harm Reduction Network (GAHR-Net).
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The conference organisers have produced a detailed report of the conference proceedings. Overall, there was a great deal of energy and enthusiasm at the event, but the challenge now for the alcohol harm reduction community is to maintain the momentum and ideas and turn them into advocacy, action, policy and practice. IHRA hope that GAHR-Net can play a crucial role in this.
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4th July 2008
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Consultation: ‘Changing Scotland's Relationship with Alcohol’
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The Scottish Government has released a new “Framework for Action” on reducing alcohol-related harms. This broad “strategic approach” – which is open for consultation until Tuesday 9th September 2008 – aims to deliver long-term and sustainable changes in the Scottish drinking culture. According to Nicola Sturgeon (the Scottish Deputy First Minister and Cabinet Secretary for Health & Wellbeing), “Scotland's current relationship with alcohol is undermining our potential as individuals, families, communities and as a country. If we are to fulfil our ambitions, we must rebalance our relationship with alcohol”.
In order to do this, the Scottish Government has proposed a comprehensive range of measures including a welcome mix of population-level, supply reduction measures (such as minimum prices for alcohol, a ban on discounted and ‘below-cost’ alcohol sales, promotion restrictions, and changes in the minimum purchase age) and targeted harm reduction measures (such as a 'social responsibility fee' levied against certain alcohol retailers, action on Foetal Alcohol Syndrome, services to manage “drunk and incapable people”, and a ‘Safer Streets Initiative’ to reduce harm in the evenings in busy city centres).
The Framework also includes a pilot scheme in the county of Fife in East Scotland to demonstrate the effectiveness and cumulative impact of locally-led, multi-component, partnership-based, targeted alcohol harm reduction interventions. A local steering group has been formed – including representatives from local government, the emergency services, the alcohol industry and civil society – and will oversee the pilot project for the next two years. The interventions that are delivered could include offering free non-alcohol beverages to ‘designated drivers’, drink-driving prevention campaigns, promoting safer drinking with the help of the local media, improvements to local transport (which could be free or subsidised in the evenings), installing ‘taxi marshals’ to assist getting people home, and server training. This project is similar to IHRA’s ‘Alcohol and the City’ initiative, which is currently working towards a local harm reduction approach in Copenhagen, Denmark.
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The proposed Framework will be delivered through partnership working between the Government and a range of key stakeholders – including local governments, local ‘Alcohol and Drug Action Teams’, the National Health Service (NHS), the alcohol industry, the emergency services, civil society, service providers, and local alcohol licensing boards.
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18th June 2008
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World Health Organization to Develop Global Alcohol Strategy
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In May 2008, at the 61st World Health Assembly, a resolution was passed requesting that the World Health Organization steps up its work to reduce alcohol-related harms by developing a global alcohol strategy over the next two years.
The strategy will be devised through consultation between the WHO Director-General and Member States, civil society and economic operators to discuss the various ways that they could contribute to reducing the harmful use of alcohol. Delegates agreed that the WHO strategy should be "based on all available evidence and existing best practices...taking into account different national, religious and cultural contexts", and should include recommended national measures for Member States to adopt. It is hoped that this will help to homogenise alcohol policies around the world, which were found to be highly varied in the WHO’s comprehensive Global Status Report on Alcohol Policy in 2003.
There had been concerns that objections from some Member States and the involvement of the alcohol industry could weaken any potential actions. In the past, Member States such as the USA and Cuba have favoured a voluntary strategy with greater alcohol industry involvement, while others – such as Thailand – have strongly opposed such involvement. Despite these differences of opinion, however, the final resolution has been generally well received across the alcohol field – although, according to Professor Robin Room (a leading alcohol policy expert at the University of Melbourne), “A resolution is all very well, but it still takes a substantial commitment… for this to be translated into a substantial and lasting programme of work… Alcohol has been a politically touchy thing for WHO to deal with”.
The World Health Assembly is the supreme decision-making body for the World Health Organization, and meets annually to discuss and determine WHO policies. The 61st World Health Assembly took place in Geneva, Switzerland between the 19th and the 24th May 2008 and was attended by a record 2,704 participants from 190 nations. According to Dr Leslie Ramsammy (President of the Health Assembly and Minister of Health of Guyana), it represented a crucial “interplay between political, trade and health interests".
Among many other things in a very busy agenda, the Assembly endorsed an action plan to tackle ‘non-communicable diseases’ (such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers) and identified four common risk factors to tackle - tobacco use, poor diet, physical inactivity, and the harmful use of alcohol. The latter was acknowledged as the fifth leading risk factor for death and disability in the world – associated with 2.3 million deaths a year, 3.7% of global mortality, and harms such as traffic accidents, suicides, crime, violence, unemployment and absenteeism.
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18th June 2008
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Campaign Targets ‘Super-Strength’ Drinks
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In October 2005, a UK charity launched a campaign against ‘super strength’ lagers and ciders which are sold across the country. In a recent article in The Big Issue (UK), these drinks are described as being “a breed apart” from other alcoholic beverages – a “niche” product which is almost exclusively consumed by, and causes devastation among, problematic, marginalised and homeless drinkers. As such, it is claimed that these beverages should be the subject of targeted interventions in order to reduce alcohol-related harm.
The on-going campaign is led by Thames Reach – a London-based organisation supporting homeless and vulnerable people – and focuses on the fact that just one can of these ‘super-strength’ beverages exceeds the UK Government's daily recommended safe alcohol limit for men and women. As part of the campaign, Thames Reach has lobbied the UK Government and enlisted the support of a number of politicians. They have also made formal complaints to the relevant regulatory bodies about the excessive alcoholic content of these products, and called for lagers to only be allowed a maximum strength of 6% ‘alcohol-by-volume’ (many ‘super-strength’ lagers are currently around 9%). The overall aim is to reduce the levels of alcohol-related deaths amongst homeless people.
Jeremy Swain, the Chief Executive of Thames Reach, said: “Our campaign is not a moralistic one. Our intention is simply to highlight the impact of the super strength lager phenomenon that has developed over the past twenty years across the UK and the entirely unacceptable cull of people whose deaths are hastened through consuming these products”. The campaign is not focused on abstinence – rather the need to support individuals onto safer (and less strong) alternative drinks such as regular lagers in order to achieve “significant health improvements”, and follows similar targeted interventions that have been implemented in Ireland and Australia.
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This feature appeared in The Big Issue (UK) #789 (dated 31st March 2008). To order a back issue, please call +44 (0) 207 526 32 67.
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 Click here to view the recent Big Issue article on “The Demon Drink” [PDF:7.47MB]
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22nd April 2008
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‘50 Best’ Document Collection on Alcohol Harm Reduction
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In April 2008, IHRA launched the fourth in a series of ‘50 Best’ document collections – this time focusing on Alcohol Harm Reduction. The ‘50 Best’ collections have been created by IHRA in order to provide free, accessible harm reduction resources on its website. The idea is to highlight around 50 papers which best summarise the evidence-base, reasoning and justification for various harm reduction interventions and approaches. These resources can then be used by other researchers, policy-makers, advocates or anyone interested in the field.
This latest collection is designed to improve knowledge and discussion on alcohol harm reduction and to complement IHRA’s other work in this area – including the new alcohol website and the Global Alcohol Harm Reduction Network (GAHR-Net). This particular set of documents was the result of several months of literature searches and research by IHRA, with the support and guidance of an International Reference Panel.
Alcohol is no ordinary commodity. It is a drug which brings health, personal, cultural and social benefits for many people around the world – yet causes significant mental, physical and social harms for many others. To effectively tackle this dilemma, comprehensive alcohol policies must be developed that focus on targeted populations, harms and behaviours as well as the availability and accessibility of alcohol at the population level. This means policies that complement traditional interventions (such as taxation and restricted licensing hours) by generating and embracing new ideas and more focused approaches (such as server training and interventions targeted at specific risk groups such as students or binge drinkers). This also means policies that engage all of the relevant stakeholders – including people who drink alcohol and the alcohol vendors and manufacturers.
This collection aims to provide information and best practice on a range of alcohol harm reduction interventions and policies. It aims to provide a one-stop resource for anyone who is interested in how practical, targeted harm reduction interventions can be applied to alcohol. It is intended for a broad range of audiences - including policy makers, practitioners, communities, the alcohol industry, international organisations, researchers and alcohol users around the world. The collection is separated into sub-topics and is fully searchable on the website – with most of the documents freely available to download online.
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Previous ’50 Best’ collections from IHRA cover HIV prevention and care for injecting drug users, tobacco harm reduction, and the role of policing in harm reduction for illicit drugs – all of which are available to view and search on the IHRA website. Over the coming months, IHRA also plan to launch a further “50 Best” collection on harm reduction advocacy.
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2nd April 2008
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Global Alcohol Support Group Launches in USA
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The HAMS Harm Reduction Network – which stands for Harm reduction, Abstinence, and Moderation Support – is a pioneering, free, peer-led support group for alcohol drinkers around the world. It was recently founded in the United States in order to fill a major gap that has been left by more conventional abstinence or moderation support groups for alcohol users.
HAMS is a non-profit organisation which fully embraces the principles of harm reduction and explicitly rejects notions that label excessive drinking as a disease, or individuals as alcoholics or addicts. It is a pragmatic group which recognises that not every individual can or will choose alcohol abstinence or moderate drinking as a life goal. Instead, the network concentrates on eliminating or reducing high risk behaviours (rather than promoting goals – such as abstinence – which may not be realistic for some people). Individuals are most successful when they choose their own goals – so HAMS focuses on personal empowerment.
The HAMS Harm Reduction Network welcomes any alcohol user who wishes to make any positive change in his or her drinking habits - regardless of how much or how little he or she may drink. Through interactive facilities such as a chat room, an email group, a forum, and live meetings, the group supports any step that an alcohol drinker wishes to make towards improving his or her relationship with alcohol. HAMS never seeks to prescribe a goal for any individual member and never tells anyone that their only choice is to pursue abstinence – although full support is offered to individuals who have chosen abstinence as a goal for themselves. HAMS supports safer drinking, reduced drinking, or abstinence from alcohol – all under the motto is "Better Is Better".
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10th March 2008
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Call for Panel Members: First Aid Guidelines for Problem Drinking
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The ORYGEN Research Centre – based at the University of Melbourne in Australia – is currently recruiting expert panel members for their new project developing ‘First Aid Guidelines Project for Problem Drinking’. They are looking to enlist the support of clinicians, consumers and carers.
First aid for problem drinking is the help provided to a person developing a drinking problem or in an alcohol-related crisis (e.g. alcohol poisoning). The first aid is given until appropriate professional treatment is received or until the crisis resolves. At present, there are conflicting views about how to support a person in these situations and, therefore, the aim of this project is to get consensus between experts on the best way to help.
Once developed, the Guidelines will direct the Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training programme – developed in Australia in 2000 to provide basic knowledge to people on how to help someone who is experiencing mental health difficulties. Since 2000, this course has been delivered in Australia, USA, Hong Kong, Canada, Ireland, Finland and the UK. The Guidelines will empower people around the world to provide crucial and appropriate support to those in need of assistance for alcohol-related harms.
The Centre is interested in recruiting experts in problem drinking from around the world. These include clinicians, consumers (people who have experienced drinking problems but are currently functioning well and able to reflect on their experience), and carers (people who have cared for a person who has had a drinking problem and is now in an advocacy role). It is anticipated that panel members will have to spend around two hours on this project, via email and the internet (or paper mail if required).
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2nd March 2008
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4th International Conference on Alcohol and Harm Reduction
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The International Harm Reduction Association (IHRA) and Quest 4 Quality (Q4Q) are pleased to invite you to the 4th International Conference on Alcohol and Harm Reduction. This year, the event will take place in Barcelona, Spain on Sunday May 11th 2008 from 10:00 to 15:00 - as a satellite event at Harm Reduction 2008: IHRA’s 19th International Conference
This conference aims to bring people together to discuss ideas and share experiences about targeted harm reduction interventions for alcohol. Delegates will gain new ideas, insights and knowledge on how to effectively address alcohol related harms.
In the last 20 years there has developed an increasing interest in alcohol harm reduction interventions. These tend to focus on particular risk behaviours (such as drinking and driving, binge drinking), particular risk groups (such as pregnant women, young people) and particular drinking contexts (such as bars and clubs). These approaches have broadened the sphere of interest in alcohol related harms to include social nuisance and public order problems. Very often (but not exclusively) such interventions operate at the community level.
The bi-annual International Conferences on Alcohol and Harm Reduction started in 2002 and have been held in Brazil (2002), Poland (2004) and South Africa (2006).
The 4th International Conference on Alcohol and Harm Reduction will focus on the topic of Alcohol and Youth, and will address a number of questions – such as:
1. What is the role of harm reduction in terms of alcohol and young people?
2. What can be done to curb binge drinking amongst young people?
3. How can alcohol-related problems in the night-life be reduced?
4. What is the view of young people themselves?
5. What are the harms of alcohol use by parents?
6. How can harm reduction advocates and practitioners best learn from one another?
The conference will be informative, interactive and exciting, and is a perfect introduction to the alcohol-related sessions and presentations during the main IHRA conference. Registration for this event only costs €50, and is free for all delegates who have registered and paid for Harm Reduction 2008.
To register for this satellite event, please contact Annie Kuch, the IHRA Administrator. Alternatively, click here to register for ‘Harm Reduction 2008’
Please visit www.alcoholconference.org or contact Ernst Buning, the Director of Quest 4 Quality for more infomation.
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2nd March 2008
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Server Training in Scotland Linked To Licensing and Qualifications
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Alcohol Focus Scotland has recently announced a partnership with the City & Guilds – a major qualification awarding body in the UK – in terms of the groundbreaking ‘ServeWise’ training scheme for alcohol license owners and alcohol servers. This partnership will further strengthen the ‘ServeWise’ programme by linking it to formal and universally recognised qualifications – a ‘Scottish Personal License Holders Qualification’ (since December 2007) and a ‘Certificate for Staff Working in Scottish Licensed Premises’ (to be launched in early 2008).
Server training in Scotland is in a unique and strong position, as the Licensing (Scotland) Act 2005 requires all license holders to hold an accredited qualification demonstrating their knowledge and understanding of a range of best practices and issues – such as responsible alcohol serving (and the legal implications of irresponsible service), the potential harms of alcohol use, and how to prevent or manage problematic or violent situations. Alcohol Focus Scotland are the leading training providers in Scotland and, by linking their courses to the licensing legislation and accredited certification, they have ensured the universal uptake of training (something which many other server training schemes have failed to achieve in the past).
Alcohol Focus Scotland is the national Scottish charity focusing on alcohol issues. It is committed to improving the quality of people’s lives by changing Scotland’s drinking culture, promoting responsible drinking behaviour and discouraging drinking to excess. It’s ‘ServeWise’ training programme is widely regarded as one of the most established in the world and an example of best practice in the field. As such, it has featured prominently in the European Forum for Responsible Drinking’s ‘Guidelines for Developing a Responsible Service of Alcohol Training Programme’
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