Publication List - International Harm Reduction Association

	by category Alcohol Harm Reduction HIV Prevention and Care for IDUs Overdose Policing Harm Reduction (Illicit Drugs) Tobacco Harm Reduction
	by sub-category 01. Meaning of harm reduction in the context of HIV prevention for IDU 01. Overviews 01. Overviews 01. Overviews of Alcohol Harm Reduction 01. Overviews of harm reduction 02. Alcohol Consumption - Recorded and Unrecorded 02. Epidemiology of IDU and related HIV infection 02. Nicotine policy 02. Strategies and Policies 02: Guides and Policies 03. HIV/AIDS prevention policy and programming 03. National and International Policies 03. Needle Exchanges 03. Regulation of nicotine replacement therapies 03: Epidemiological Research 04. Assessing local and national need for interventions 04. Crackdowns and Enforcement 04. Local Policies and Strategies 04. The health risks of smokeless tobacco and its role in a harm reduction strategy 04: Risk Factors and Risk Environments 05. Managing Public Space 05. Police Conduct & Human Rights 05. Regulation of cigarettes 05. Resource allocation/requirements 05: Naloxone Research 06. Advocacy 06. IDU risk behaviour 06. Interventions for High-Risk Groups 06. The failure of light cigarettes 06: Naloxone Programmes 07. Cigarette reduction 07. Drinking and Driving 07. Sexual risk behaviour 07: Other Prevention Research and Interventions 08. Changing Drinking Environments 08. Needle and Syringe Programs 08. PREPS and other tobacco use 09. Glassware in Bars 09. Substitution treatments 09. The role of the tobacco industry and funding 10. Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment 10. Communication and perceptions of relative risk 10. Server Training 11. Harm Reduction Treatments 11. Health promotion and drug education 12. Alcohol and HIV 12. Outreach and peer education 13. Marginalised groups 13. The Alcohol Industry: Partnership, Codes and Conduct 14. Non-IDU drug use risk 15. Drug user organisations 16. Advocacy 17. Human Rights 18. UN position statements and papers on HIV and IDU Additional Papers

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Policing Harm Reduction (Illicit Drugs) 01. Overviews
	Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia (2003) 2.5: Law enforcement and harm minimisation In: Policy Positions of the Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia. Canberra: Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia This position statement from the ADCA provides a thorough overview of the issues surrounding police strategies and harm reduction. It covers illicit drugs, alcohol, unintended harms of policing, cost-effectiveness of existing strategies, and good practice in the field. Click to view publication
	Beyer L, Crofts N & Reid G (2002) Drug offending and criminal justice responses: Practitioners perspectives. International Journal of Drug Policy, 13(3), 203-211 This is a survey of 35 senior criminal justice professionals from Australia (including “police personnel in key drug law enforcement positions”). Despite working for crime-focused agencies, the majority of the participants had liberal personal views and believed that responses to drug use should focus on health rather than crime. This research offers a unique insight into the law enforcement field. Link provided courtesy of Elsevier (www.elsevier.com), publishers of the International Journal of Drugs Policy (http://journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/drupol). Click to view publication
	Canty C, Sutton A & James S (2005) Strategies for community-based drug law enforcement: From prohibition to harm reduction. In: Stockwell T, Gruenewald PJ, Toumbourou JW & Loxley W (Eds) Preventing Harmful Substance Use:The evidence base for policy and practice. Chicester, UK: John Wiley & Sons This book chapter explores three models of community based drug law enforcement. Firstly, ‘prohibitionism’ focuses solely on disrupting and suppressing drug markets. Secondly, ‘modified supply reduction’ combines supply and market disruption with an aim to “avoid undermining harm reduction work by others”. Finally, ‘market regulation’ focuses solely on the reduction of drug-related harms. Each approach is evaluated in terms of its aims and the dilemmas that it poses for law enforcement personnel. This article is reproduced with permission of the publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The book ('Preventing Harmful Substance Use' by T Stockwell) is available at all bookstores, online booksellers and from the Wiley website (www.wiley.com) Download publication as a PDF
	Caulkins JP (2002) Law enforcement’s role in a harm reduction regime. Crime and Justice Bulletin: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice (64), NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics Research This is a comprehensive review of what law enforcement can (and should) do to fulfil its potential as a “unique and potent force for harm reduction”. Five specific approaches are discussed: partnerships with “non-enforcement interventions”, constraining supply for emerging drug markets, time-focused interventions, reducing the harms and costs of prohibition, and exploiting the adaptability of drug markets. Download publication as a PDF
	Cole, J (2007) End prohibition now! Massachusetts: Law Enforcement Against Prohibition This commentary, although not strictly “harm reduction”, offers a fascinating perspective on the ineffectiveness, and harms caused by, global drug prohibition. LEAP is a group of current and former law enforcement personnel who disagree with existing drug policies (which “have failed, and continue to fail, to effectively address the problems of drug abuse”). Download publication as a PDF
	Csete J (2007) Do Not Cross: Policing and HIV Risk Faced by People Who Use Drugs, Toronto: Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network. This paper, although focusing on the situation in Canada, provides a succinct and useful summary of the negative consequences that police actions can have on risk behaviour and drug-related harms – thus demonstrating the need for police to embrace the harm reduction approach in their work. The paper also includes several recommendations for the Canadian police which cover many of the issues and interventions discussed in this “50 Best Collection”. Click to view publication Download publication as a PDF
	Graycar A, McGregor K & Makkai T (2001) Drugs and law enforcement (Presentation at the Winter School in the Sun Conference, Brisbane). Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology This presentation, although not focusing on harm reduction per se, is useful as it outlines law enforcement and police approaches to drugs, and how to best measure their success (or lack of). The presentation concludes by emphasising the need for more multi-agency, inclusive approaches, retraining of law enforcement personnel and better research and evaluation. Download publication as a PDF
	International Harm Reduction Development Program (IHRD) (2008) Police, Harm Reduction, and HIV. New York: Open Society Institute Public Health Program This fact sheet aims to demonstrate how negative police practices – such as harassing people who use drugs, confiscating their medications, or arresting them for possession of injecting equipment – can help fuel HIV epidemics by driving drug users away from lifesaving care while doing little to stem drug use. The fact sheet also highlights emerging partnerships between police and health providers that prove that law enforcement and HIV prevention programmes can work together to save lives while reducing crime. Click to view publication
	Spooner C, McPherson M & Hall W (2004) The role of police in preventing and minimising illicit drug use and its harms (Monograph Series No. 2). Australia: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund This report aims to educate the Australian police about how to contribute to Australia’s National Drug Strategy (with goals such as reducing overdose deaths, encouraging safer practices, and encouraging entry into drug treatment). The overall report is 200 pages long, but Part 1 (“Synthesis”) provides a good review of this field of study, and concludes that better research and evaluations are required. Click to view publication
	Thomas G (2005) Harm reduction policies and programs for persons involved in the criminal justice system (Harm reduction for special populations in Canada, Paper 1). Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse This paper is explicitly aimed at law enforcement personnel, and aims to “provide current, objective and empirically-based information” in order to advocate for harm reduction approaches. It succinctly explains the rationale and evidence behind such approaches, as well as concrete examples of what can be achieved and implemented. Download publication as a PDF

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